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What Big Artists Are Displayed at the Museum of Modern Art

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Coordinates: xl°45′41.8″N 73°58′39.4″Due west  /  forty.761611°N 73.977611°W  / 40.761611; -73.977611

Art museum in Manhattan, New York City

Museum of Modern Art
Museum of Modern Art logo.svg
MoMa NY USA 1.jpg
Established November seven, 1929; 92 years ago  (1929-11-07)
Location xi West 53rd Street
Manhattan, New York Metropolis
Type Art museum
Visitors 706,060 (2020)[1]
Director Glenn D. Lowry
Public transit access Subway: 5th Artery/53rd Street ("E" train​"M" train trains)
Bus: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M7, M10, M20, M50, M104
Website world wide web.moma.org

The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues.

It plays a major role in developing and collecting modernistic art, and is oft identified as one of the largest and nigh influential museums of mod fine art in the world.[2] MoMA'southward collection offers an overview of modern and contemporary art, including works of architecture and design, drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, prints, illustrated books and creative person's books, flick, and electronic media.[iii]

The MoMA Library includes approximately 300,000 books and exhibition catalogs, more than 1,000 journal titles, and more than 40,000 files of ephemera nigh individual artists and groups.[four] The archives hold primary source material related to the history of modern and contemporary art.[5]

It attracted 706,060 visitors in 2020, a drop of sixty-5 percent from 2019, due to the COVID-nineteen pandemic. It ranked twenty-5th on the list of virtually visited art museums in the globe in 2020.[6]

History [edit]

Heckscher and other buildings (1929–1939) [edit]

The idea for the Museum of Modern Art was developed in 1929 primarily by Abby Aldrich Rockefeller (wife of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.) and ii of her friends, Lillie P. Bliss and Mary Quinn Sullivan.[vii] They became known variously as "the Ladies" or "the adamantine ladies".[8] [ix] They rented modest quarters for the new museum in the Heckscher Building at 730 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan,[eight] and it opened to the public on November 7, 1929, ix days after the Wall Street Crash.[x] Abby Rockefeller had invited A. Conger Goodyear, the onetime president of the lath of trustees of the Albright Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York, to become president of the new museum. Abby became treasurer. At the time, it was America's premier museum devoted exclusively to modernistic fine art, and the beginning of its kind in Manhattan to showroom European modernism.[11] One of Rockefeller's early recruits for the museum staff was the noted Japanese-American photographer Soichi Sunami (at that time best known for his portraits of modern dance pioneer Martha Graham), who served the museum equally its official documentary lensman from 1930 until 1968.[12] [thirteen]

Goodyear enlisted Paul J. Sachs and Frank Crowninshield to join him equally founding trustees. Sachs, the associate director and curator of prints and drawings at the Fogg Museum at Harvard Academy, was referred to in those days as a "collector of curators". Goodyear asked him to recommend a director and Sachs suggested Alfred H. Barr, Jr., a promising young protégé. Under Barr's guidance, the museum's holdings chop-chop expanded from an initial gift of viii prints and one drawing. Its start successful loan exhibition was in November 1929, displaying paintings by Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, and Seurat.[14]

First housed in six rooms of galleries and offices on the twelfth floor of Manhattan's Heckscher Building,[xv] on the corner of Fifth Artery and 57th Street, the museum moved into three more than temporary locations within the adjacent ten years. Abby Rockefeller's husband, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., was adamantly opposed to the museum (likewise as to modern art itself) and refused to release funds for the venture, which had to be obtained from other sources and resulted in the frequent shifts of location. Nevertheless, he somewhen donated the land for the electric current site of the museum, plus other gifts over time, and thus became in upshot one of its greatest benefactors.[xvi]

During that fourth dimension the museum initiated many more exhibitions of noted artists, such as the lone Vincent van Gogh exhibition on November iv, 1935. Containing an unprecedented sixty-six oils and 50 drawings from the Netherlands, as well as poignant excerpts from the creative person'due south letters, information technology was a major public success due to Barr's arrangement of the exhibit, and became "a precursor to the hold van Gogh has to this day on the contemporary imagination".[17]

53rd Street (1939–present) [edit]

1930s to 1950s [edit]

The museum also gained international prominence with the hugely successful and at present famous Picasso retrospective of 1939–40, held in conjunction with the Art Plant of Chicago. In its range of presented works, it represented a pregnant reinterpretation of Picasso for future art scholars and historians. This was wholly masterminded past Barr, a Picasso enthusiast, and the exhibition lionized Picasso as the greatest creative person of the time, setting the model for all the museum's retrospectives that were to follow.[xviii] Boy Leading a Equus caballus was briefly contested over buying with the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.[19] In 1941, MoMA hosted the ground-breaking exhibition, "Indian Fine art of the United States" (curated by Frederic Huntington Douglas and Rene d'Harnoncourt), that inverse the way Native American arts were viewed by the public and exhibited in art museums.

The entrance to The Museum of Modernistic Art

When Abby Rockefeller's son Nelson was selected past the lath of trustees to become its president, in 1939, at the age of thirty; he was a flamboyant leader and became the prime instigator and funding source of MoMA'due south publicity, acquisitions, and subsequent expansion into new headquarters on 53rd Street. His brother, David Rockefeller, also joined the museum's board of trustees, in 1948, and took over the presidency, when Nelson was elected Governor of New York, in 1958.

David subsequently employed the noted builder Philip Johnson to redesign the museum garden and name it in honor of his mother, the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden. He and the Rockefeller family in general have retained a close association with the museum throughout its history, with the Rockefeller Brothers Fund funding the institution since 1947. Both David Rockefeller, Jr. and Sharon Percy Rockefeller (wife of former senator Jay Rockefeller) sit down on the lath of trustees.[ commendation needed ] After the Rockefeller Guest Business firm at 242 East 52nd Street was completed in 1950, some MoMA functions were held in the house until 1964.[xx] [21]

In 1937, MoMA had shifted to offices and basement galleries in the Time-Life Building in Rockefeller Center. Its permanent and electric current domicile, at present renovated, designed in the International Manner past the modernist architects Philip L. Goodwin and Edward Durell Stone, opened to the public on May x, 1939, attended by an illustrious visitor of 6,000 people, and with an opening address via radio from the White House by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[22]

1958 fire [edit]

On April 15, 1958, a fire on the second floor destroyed an 18-foot (5.5 m) long Monet Water Lilies painting (the current Monet Water Lilies was caused shortly after the fire as a replacement). The fire started when workmen installing ac were smoking near paint cans, sawdust, and a canvas dropcloth. One worker was killed in the burn down and several firefighters were treated for fume inhalation. Most of the paintings on the floor had been moved for the construction although large paintings including the Monet were left. Art work on the tertiary and fourth floors were evacuated to the Whitney Museum of American Fine art, which abutted it on the 54th Street side. Amongst the paintings that were moved was A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, which had been on loan past the Art Plant of Chicago. Visitors and employees higher up the burn down were evacuated to the roof and then jumped to the roof of an bordering townhouse.[23]

1960–1982 [edit]

In 1969, the MoMA was at the centre of a controversy over its decision to withdraw funding from the iconic anti-war poster And babies. In 1969, the Art Workers Coalition (AWC), a group of New York Urban center artists who opposed the Vietnam War, in collaboration with Museum of Mod Art members Arthur Drexler and Elizabeth Shaw, created an iconic protest poster chosen And babies.[24] The poster uses an paradigm by photojournalist Ronald L. Haeberle and references the My Lai Massacre. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) had promised to fund and circulate the poster, but after seeing the two by 3 foot poster MoMA pulled financing for the projection at the last minute.[25] [26] MoMA's Lath of Trustees included Nelson Rockefeller and William S. Paley (head of CBS), who reportedly "hitting the ceiling" on seeing the proofs of the poster.[25] The poster was included shortly thereafter in MoMA's Information exhibition of July 2 to September 20, 1970, curated by Kynaston McShine.[27] Another controversy involved Pablo Picasso'south painting Boy Leading a Horse (1905–06), donated to MoMA by William S. Paley in 1964. The status of the work as beingness sold under duress by its German Jewish owners in the 1930s was in dispute. The descendants of the original owners sued MoMA and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, which has another Picasso painting, Le Moulin de la Galette (1900), in one case owned past the same family, for return of the works.[28] Both museums reached a confidential settlement with the descendants before the instance went to trial and retained their corresponding paintings.[xix] [29] [30] Both museums had claimed from the outset to be the proper owners of these paintings, and that the claims were illegitimate. In a joint statement the two museums wrote: "we settled merely to avoid the costs of prolonged litigation, and to ensure the public continues to have access to these important paintings."[31]

1980–1999 [edit]

Stairs in the Museum of Mod Art

Cross-section of the Museum of Modern Art

In 1983, the Museum more doubled its gallery and increased curatorial section past thirty pct, and added an auditorium, two restaurants and a bookstore in conjunction with the structure of the 56-story Museum Belfry adjoining the museum.[32]

In 1997, the museum undertook a major renovation and expansion designed by Japanese architect Yoshio Taniguchi with Kohn Pedersen Fox. The project, including an increase in MoMA's endowment to comprehend operating expenses, cost $858 meg in total. The project virtually doubled the space for MoMA'southward exhibitions and programs and features 630,000 square feet (59,000 grand2) of space. The Peggy and David Rockefeller Edifice on the western portion of the site houses the main exhibition galleries, and The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Education and Research Building provides space for classrooms, auditoriums, teacher training workshops, and the museum'southward expanded Library and Athenaeum. These two buildings frame the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden, which was enlarged from its original configuration.

21st century [edit]

The museum was closed for ii years in connexion with the renovation and moved its public-facing operations to a temporary facility called MoMA QNS in Long Island City, Queens. When MoMA reopened in 2004, the renovation was controversial. Some critics thought that Taniguchi's design was a fine example of gimmicky compages, while many others were displeased with aspects of the design, such every bit the menstruation of the space.[33] [34] [35] In 2005, the museum sold land that information technology owned w of its existing building to Hines, a Texas real estate programmer, under an agreement that reserved space on the lower levels of the edifice Hines planned to construct there for a MoMA expansion.[36]

In 2011, MoMA acquired an next building constructed and occupied by the American Folk Fine art Museum on Westward 53rd Street. The edifice was a well-regarded structure designed by Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects and was sold in connection with a fiscal restructuring of the Folk Fine art Museum.[37] When MoMA appear that it would annihilate the building in connection with its expansion, there was outcry and considerable give-and-take about the issue, only the museum ultimately proceeded with its original plans.[38]

The Hines edifice, designed by Jean Nouvel and called 53W53, received construction approval in 2014.[39] Around the time of Hines' structure approval, MoMA unveiled its expansion plans, which cover space in 53W53, equally well equally construction on the former site of the American Folk Fine art Museum.[40] The expansion programme was developed by the architecture house Diller Scofidio + Renfro in collaboration with Gensler. The first phase of construction began in 2014. In June 2017, patrons and the public were welcomed into MoMA to see the completion of the get-go phase of the $450 1000000 expansion to the museum.[41]

Spread over three floors of the fine art mecca off Fifth Avenue are fifteen,000 square-feet (about 1,400 square-meters) of reconfigured galleries, a new, second gift shop, a redesigned cafe and espresso bar and, facing the sculpture garden, 2 lounges graced with black marble quarried in France.[41]

The museum expansion project increased the publicly accessibly space by 25% compared to when the Tanaguchi building was completed in 2004.[42] The expansion allowed for even more of the museum's collection of well-nigh 200,000 works to be displayed.[41] The new spaces also allow visitors to enjoy a relaxing sit down-down in i of the two new lounges, or even take a fully catered meal.[41] The two new lounges include "The Marlene Hess and James D. Zirin Lounge" and "The Daniel and Jane Och Lounge".[41] [43] The goal of this renovation is to assistance aggrandize the collection and display of work by women, Latinos, blacks, Asians, and other marginalized communities.[44] In connection with the renovation, MoMA shifted its approach to presenting its holdings, moving away from separating the collection by disciplines such as painting, design and works on paper toward an integrated chronological presentation that encompasses all areas of the drove.[42]

The Museum of Modernistic Fine art closed for another circular of major renovations from June to October 2019.[44] [45] Upon reopening on October 21, 2019, MoMA added 47,000 square anxiety (4,400 kii) of gallery infinite,[46] and its total flooring area was 708,000 square feet (65,800 1000ii).[47] The expansion and refurbishment was overseen by the architectural firm of Diller Scofidio + Renfro.[48] The institution began offering free online classes in April 2014.[49]

Exhibition houses [edit]

The MoMA occasionally has sponsored and hosted temporary exhibition houses, which have reflected seminal ideas in architectural history.

  • 1949: exhibition house past Marcel Breuer
  • 1950: exhibition house by Gregory Ain[50]
  • 1955: Japanese Exhibition House past Junzo Yoshimura, reinstalled in Philadelphia, PA in 1957–58 and known at present as Shofuso Japanese Business firm and Garden
  • 2008: Prefabricated houses planned[51] [52] [53] by:
    • Kieran Timberlake Architects
    • Lawrence Sass
    • System Architects: Jeremy Edmiston and Douglas Gauthier
    • Leo Kaufmann Architects
    • Richard Horden

Artworks [edit]

Claude Monet, Reflections of Clouds on the H2o-Lily Pond, c.1920

Considered past many to take the best collection of modernistic Western masterpieces in the globe, MoMA's holdings include more 150,000 individual pieces in improver to approximately 22,000 films and iv million film stills. (Access to the collection of moving picture stills ended in 2002, and the collection is mothballed in a vault in Hamlin, Pennsylvania.[54]) The collection houses such important and familiar works every bit the post-obit:

  • Francis Salary, Painting (1946)
  • Umberto Boccioni, The City Rises
  • Paul Cézanne, The Bather
  • Marc Chagall, I and the Village
  • Giorgio de Chirico, The Song of Love
  • Salvador Dalí, The Persistence of Retentiveness
  • Max Ernst, Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale
  • Paul Gauguin, Te aa no areois (The Seed of the Areoi)
  • Albert Gleizes, Portrait of Igor Stravinsky, 1914
  • Jasper Johns, Flag
  • Frida Kahlo, Self-Portrait With Cropped Hair
  • Roy Lichtenstein, Drowning Girl
  • René Magritte, The Empire of Lights
  • René Magritte, False Mirror
  • Kazimir Malevich, White on White 1918
  • Henri Matisse, The Trip the light fantastic toe
  • Jean Metzinger, Landscape, 1912–1914
  • Piet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie-Woogie
  • Claude Monet, Water Lilies triptych
  • Barnett Newman, Broken Obelisk
  • Barnett Newman, Vir Heroicus Sublimis (Man, Heroic and Sublime)
  • Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
  • Jackson Pollock, One: Number 31, 1950
  • Henri Rousseau, The Dream, 1910
  • Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy
  • Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night
  • Andy Warhol, Campbell's Soup Cans
  • Andrew Wyeth, Christina'southward World

Selected collection highlights [edit]

It also holds works by a wide range of influential European and American artists including Auguste Rodin, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Joan Miró, Aristide Maillol, Piet Mondrian, Marcel Duchamp, Paul Klee, Fernand Léger, René Magritte, Henry Moore, Alberto Giacometti, Georgia O'Keeffe, Edward Hopper, Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, Arshile Gorky, Hans Hofmann, Franz Kline, Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, David Smith, Helen Frankenthaler, Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, Robert Rauschenberg, Frank Stella, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and hundreds of others.

MoMA developed a world-renowned art photography collection first under Edward Steichen (1947–1961) and so under Steichen'south hand-picked successor John Szarkowski (1962–1991), which included photos by Todd Webb.[55] The department was founded by Beaumont Newhall in 1940.[56] Under Szarkowski, it focused on a more traditionally modernist approach to the medium, one that emphasized documentary images and orthodox darkroom techniques.

Film [edit]

In 1932, museum founder Alfred Barr stressed the importance of introducing "the merely great art form peculiar to the twentieth century" to "the American public which should appreciate proficient films and back up them". Museum Trustee and motion-picture show producer John Hay Whitney became the first chairman of the Museum's Motion-picture show Library from 1935 to 1951. The collection Whitney assembled with the aid of motion-picture show curator Iris Barry was so successful that in 1937 the Academy of Motility Pictures Arts and Sciences commended the Museum with an award "for its pregnant work in collecting films ... and for the first fourth dimension making available to the public the means of studying the historical and artful evolution of the motility picture as ane of the major arts".[57]

The first curator and founder of the Moving picture Library was Iris Barry, a British pic critic and author, whose three decades of pioneering piece of work in collecting films and presenting them in coherent artistic and historical contexts gained recognition for the movie theatre equally the major new fine art form of our century. Barry and her successors have congenital a collection comprising some viii thousand titles today, concentrating on assembling an outstanding collection of the important works of international film art, with emphasis being placed on obtaining the highest-quality materials.[58]

The exiled flick scholar Siegfried Kracauer worked at the MoMA motion picture annal on a psychological history of German film between 1941 and 1943. The effect of his study, From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Motion-picture show (1947), traces the birth of Nazism from the movie theater of the Weimar Commonwealth and helped lay the foundation of modern picture criticism.

Under the Museum of Modern Art Department of Film, the film collection includes more than 25,000 titles and ranks every bit 1 of the world's finest museum archives of international film art. The department owns prints of many familiar feature-length movies, including Citizen Kane and Vertigo, but its holdings besides contains many less-traditional pieces, including Andy Warhol's 8-hour Empire, Fred Halsted's gay pornographic L.A. Plays Itself (screened before a capacity audience on Apr 23, 1974), diverse Goggle box commercials, and Chris Cunningham'south music video for Björk's All Is Full of Dear.

Library [edit]

The MoMA library is located in Midtown Manhattan, with offsite storage in Long Island City, Queens. The non-circulating drove documents modern and contemporary art including painting, sculpture, prints, photography, film, functioning, and architecture from 1880–nowadays. The collection includes 300,000 books, 1,000 periodicals, and 40,000 files about artists and creative groups. There are over eleven,000 artist books in the drove.[59] The libraries are open by appointment to all researchers. The library's catalog is called "Dadabase".[four] Dadabase includes records for all of the fabric in the library, including books, artist books, exhibition catalogs, special collections materials, and electronic resources.[4] The Museum of Modern Art's drove of creative person books includes works by Ed Ruscha, Marcel Broodthaers, Susan Bee, Carl Andre, and David Horvitz.[lx]

Additionally, the library has subscription electronic resources along with Dadabase. These include journal databases (such as JSTOR and Fine art Full Text), auction results indexes (ArtFact and Artnet), the ARTstor image database, and WorldCat union catalog.[59]

Architecture and design [edit]

MoMA's Section of Compages and Design was founded in 1932[61] equally the first museum department in the world dedicated to the intersection of architecture and design.[62] The department's first manager was Philip Johnson who served as curator between 1932–34 and 1946–54.[63] The side by side departmental head was Arthur Drexler, who was curator from 1951 to 1956 and then served as caput until 1986.[64]

The collection consists of 28,000 works including architectural models, drawings and photographs.[61] I of the highlights of the drove is the Mies van der Rohe Archive.[62] It also includes works from such legendary architects and designers as Frank Lloyd Wright,[65] [66] [67] [68] Paul László, the Eameses, Betty Cooke, Isamu Noguchi, and George Nelson. The design collection contains many industrial and manufactured pieces, ranging from a self-aligning ball bearing to an unabridged Bell 47D1 helicopter. In 2012, the section acquired a choice of 14 video games, the footing of an intended collection of 40 that is to range from Pac-Man (1980) to Minecraft (2011).[69]

Management [edit]

Attendance [edit]

MoMA attracted 706,060 visitors in 2020, a drib of sixty-v percent from 2019, due to the COVID-xix pandemic. Information technology ranked twenty-fifth on the List of most visited art museums in the globe in 2020.[6]

MoMA has seen its average number of visitors ascension from about i.five million a yr to 2.5 million afterward its new granite and glass renovation. In 2009, the museum reported 119,000 members and 2.viii million visitors over the previous fiscal year. MoMA attracted its highest-ever number of visitors, 3.09 million, during its 2010 fiscal year;[70] even so, omnipresence dropped 11 percent to 2.8 million in 2011.[71] Attendance in 2016 was 2.8 one thousand thousand, down from 3.one meg in 2015.[72]

The museum was open every day since its founding in 1929, until 1975, when it closed one twenty-four hours a week (originally Wednesdays) to reduce operating expenses. In 2012, it once again opened every day, including Tuesday, the one twenty-four hours it has traditionally been airtight.[73]

Access [edit]

The Museum of Modern Art charges an admission fee of $25 per adult.[74] Upon MoMA's reopening, its access cost increased from $12 to $20, making it ane of the most expensive museums in the city. However, it has free entry on Fridays after 5:30pm, as part of the Uniqlo Costless Friday Nights plan. Many New York area college students also receive free admission to the museum.[75]

Finances [edit]

A individual non-profit organization, MoMA is the seventh-largest U.S. museum by budget;[76] its almanac acquirement is about $145 1000000 (none of which is profit). In 2011, the museum reported net assets (basically, a full of all the resource it has on its books, except the value of the art) of only over $1 billion.

Unlike nearly museums, the museum eschews regime funding, instead subsisting on a fragmented budget with a half-dozen different sources of income, none larger than a fifth.[77] Before the economic crisis of late 2008, the MoMA'southward board of trustees decided to sell its equities in order to move into an all-greenbacks position. An $858 million capital campaign funded the 2002–04 expansion, with David Rockefeller donating $77 million in cash.[76] In 2005, Rockefeller pledged an boosted $100 million toward the museum's endowment.[78] In 2011, Moody'south Investors Service, a bond rating bureau, rated $57 million worth of new debt in 2010 with a positive outlook and echoed their Aa2 bond credit rating for the underlying institution. The agency noted that MoMA has "superior financial flexibility with over $332 million of unrestricted fiscal resource", and has had solid omnipresence and record sales at its retail outlets around the city and online. Some of the challenges that Moody'due south noted were the reliance that the museum has on the tourist industry in New York for its operating revenue, and a large corporeality of debt. The museum at the time had a 2.four debt-to-operating revenues ratio, simply it was also noted that MoMA intended to retire $370 meg worth of debt in the adjacent few years. Standard & Poor's raised its long-term rating for the museum as it benefited from the fundraising of its trustees.[79] After structure expenses for the new galleries are covered, the Modern estimates that some $65 meg will go to its $650 million endowment.

MoMA spent $32 one thousand thousand to larn fine art for the fiscal year catastrophe in June 2012.[80]

MoMA employed most 815 people in 2007.[77] The museum'southward tax filings from the past few years suggest a shift among the highest paid employees from curatorial staff to management.[81] The museum'due south director Glenn D. Lowry earned $1.half dozen meg in 2009[82] and lives in a rent-free $six million flat higher up the museum.[83]

MoMA was forced to close in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.[84] Citing the coronavirus shutdown, MoMA fired its art educators in Apr 2020.[85] In May 2020, information technology was reported that MoMA would reduce its annual budget from $180 to $135 1000000 starting July 1. Exhibition and publication funding was cut by half, and staff reduced from effectually 960 to 800.[84]

Key people [edit]

Officers and the lath of trustees [edit]

Currently, the board of trustees includes 46 trustees and 15 life trustees. Even including the board's 14 "honorary" trustees, who do not have voting rights and do not play equally direct a office in the museum, this amounts to an average individual contribution of more than $7 million.[81] The Founders Wall was created in 2004, when MoMA's expansion was completed, and features the names of actual founders in add-on to those who gave meaning gifts; about a half-dozen names have been added since 2004. For example, Ileana Sonnabend'southward name was added in 2012, even though she was only 15 when the museum was established in 1929.[86]

Lath of trustees [edit]

Lath of trustees:

  • Wallis Annenberg
  • Sid R. Bass
  • Lawrence B. Benenson
  • Leon D. Black
  • Clarissa Alcock Bronfman
  • Patricia Phelps de Cisneros
  • Edith Cooper
  • Paula Crown
  • David Dechman
  • Anne Dias-Griffin
  • Glenn Dubin
  • John Elkann
  • Laurence D. Fink
  • Kathleen Fuld
  • Howard Gardner
  • Mimi Haas
  • Alexandra A. Herzan
  • Marlene Hess
  • Jill Kraus
  • Marie-Josée Kravis
  • Ronald S. Lauder
  • Thomas H. Lee
  • Michael Lynne
  • Khalil Gibran Muhammad
  • Philip S. Niarchos
  • James G. Niven
  • Peter Norton
  • Maja Oeri
  • Michael Southward. Ovitz
  • David Rockefeller Jr.
  • Sharon Percy Rockefeller
  • Richard E. Salomon
  • Marcus Samuelsson
  • Anna Marie Shapiro
  • Anna Deavere Smith
  • Jerry I. Speyer
  • Ricardo Steinbruch
  • Daniel Sundheim
  • Alice M. Tisch
  • Edgar Wachenheim III
  • Gary Winnick

Directors [edit]

  • Alfred H. Barr, Jr. (1929–1943)
  • No director (1943–1949; the job was handled by the chairman of the museum'south coordination committee and the director of the Curatorial Department)[87] [88]
  • Rene d'Harnoncourt (1949–1968)
  • Bates Lowry (1968–1969)
  • John Brantley Hightower (1970–1972)
  • Richard Oldenburg (1972–1995)
  • Glenn D. Lowry (1995–nowadays)

Principal curators [edit]

  • Philip Johnson, chief curator of architecture and blueprint (1932–1934 and 1946–1954)
  • Arthur Drexler, principal curator of architecture and design (1951–1956)
  • Peter Galassi, main curator of photography (1991–2011)[56] [89]
  • Cornelia Butler, chief curator of drawings (2006–2013)
  • Barry Bergdoll, chief curator of compages and design (2007–2013)
  • Rajendra Roy, principal curator of film (2007–present)
  • Ann Temkin, chief curator of painting and sculpture (2008–nowadays)[90]
  • Klaus Biesenbach, director of MoMA PS1 and primary curator at large (2009–2018)
  • Sabine Breitwieser, chief curator of media and operation art (2010–2013)
  • Christophe Cherix, chief curator of prints and illustrated books (2010–2013), drawings and prints (2013–present)
  • Paola Antonelli, director of research and development and senior curator of architecture and design (2012–present)
  • Quentin Bajac, chief curator of photography (2012–2018)
  • Stuart Comer, chief curator of media and functioning art (2014–present)
  • Martino Stierli, chief curator of compages and design (2015–present)

Controversy [edit]

Women Artists Visibility Event (W.A.5.Eastward.) [edit]

On June 14, 1984 the Women Artists Visibility Upshot (W.A.5.Eastward.), a sit-in of 400 women artists, was held in front of the newly renovated Museum of Modern Art to protest the lack of female person representation in its opening exhibition, "An International Survey of Recent Painting and Sculpture". The exhibition featured 165 artists; just 14 of which those were women.[91] [92]

Art repatriation issues [edit]

The MoMA has been involved in several claims initiated by families for artworks lost in the Holocaust which ended upwards in the collection of the Museum of Modern Fine art.[93]

In 2009, the heirs of German artist George Grosz filed a lawsuit seeking restitution of three works by Grosz, and the heirs of Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy filed a lawsuit demanding the return of the painting by Pablo Picasso, entitled Male child Leading a Equus caballus (1905–1906).[94] [95] [96]

In some other instance, subsequently a decade long courtroom fight, in 2015 the MoMA returned a painting entitled Sand Hills by German artist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner to the Fischer family because it had been stolen by Nazis.[97]

Strike MoMA [edit]

Strike MoMA is a 2021 motion to strike the museum targeting what its supporters have called the "toxic philanthropy" of the museum's leadership.[98] [99]

Come across also [edit]

  • List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City
  • List of most-visited museums in the Us
  • Dorothy Canning Miller
  • Sam Hunter
  • Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
  • Talk to Me (exhibition)
  • The Family unit of Human showroom (1955)
  • WikiProject MoMA

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

  1. ^ The Fine art Newspaper, List of virtually-visited museums in 2020, March 31, 2021
  2. ^ Kleiner, Fred Due south.; Christin J. Mamiya (2005). "The Development of Modernist Art: The Early 20th Century". Gardner'south Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective. Thomson Wadsworth. p. 796. ISBN978-0-4950-0478-3. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. The Museum of Modern Art in New York City is consistently identified equally the institution about responsible for developing modernist art ... the most influential museum of modern art in the world.
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Sources [edit]

  • Allan, Kenneth R. "Understanding Information", in Conceptual Art: Theory, Myth, and Practice. Ed. Michael Corris. Cambridge: Cambridge Academy Press, 2004. pp. 144–168.
  • Barr, Alfred H; Sandler, Irving; Newman, Amy (January one, 1986). Defining modern fine art: selected writings of Alfred H. Barr, Jr . New York: Abrams. ISBN0810907151.
  • Bee, Harriet S. and Michelle Elligott. Fine art in Our Time. A Chronicle of the Museum of Modern Art, New York 2004, ISBN 0-87070-001-iv.
  • Fitzgerald, Michael C. Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth-Century Art. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995.
  • Geiger, Stephan. The Art of Assemblage. The Museum of Modern Art, 1961. Dice neue Realität der Kunst in den frühen sechziger Jahren, (Diss. University Bonn 2005), München 2008, ISBN 978-3-88960-098-ane.
  • Harr, John Ensor and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family. New York: Charles Scribner'south Sons, 1988.
  • Kert, Bernice. Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Adult female in the Family. New York: Random Firm, 1993.
  • Lynes, Russell, Practiced Old Modern: An Intimate Portrait of the Museum of Mod Art, New York: Athenaeum, 1973.
  • Reich, Cary. The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: Worlds to Conquer 1908–1958. New York: Doubleday, 1996.
  • Rockefeller, David (2003). Memoirs. New York: Random Business firm. ISBN978-0812969733.
  • Schulze, Franz (June xv, 1996). Philip Johnson: Life and Piece of work. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press. ISBN978-0226740584.
  • Staniszewski, Mary Anne (1998). The Power of Display. A History of Exhibition Installations at the Museum of Modern Art. MIT Press. ISBN978-0262194020.
  • Wilson, Kristina (2009). The Modern Eye: Stieglitz, MoMA, and the Art of the Exhibition, 1925–1934. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN978-0300149166.
  • Lowry, Glenn D. (2009). The Museum of Modernistic Fine art in this Century. Museum of Modernistic Fine art. ISBN978-0870707643.

External links [edit]

  • Official website
  • MoMA Exhibition History List (1929–Nowadays)
  • MoMA Audio
  • MoMA's YouTube Channel
  • MoMA's free online courses on Coursera
  • MoMA Learning
  • MoMA Magazine
  • Jeffers, Wendy (November 2004). "Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Patron of the modern". Magazine Antiques. 166 (55): 118. 14873617. Archived from the original on February half dozen, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016 – via EBSCOhost.
  • " MoMA to Close, Then Open Doors to a More Expansive View of Fine art" New York Times, 2019

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art

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